Essay On Chronic Diseases. Chronic diseases are the major cause of illness, disability, and death in the United States. Chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity result from long exposure of unhealthy lifestyles Short Essay on Human Diseases! A disease is a condition that impairs the proper functioning of the body or of one of its part. Every living thing, both plants and animals, can succumb to disease. People, for example, are often infected by bacteria, but bacteria, in Estimated Reading Time: 3 mins Examples of lifestyle diseases include Alzheimer’s disease, chronic liver disease, cancer, heart disease, asthma, diabetes, stroke and osteoporosis (MedicineNet). The rising of the risk of these diseases are hinged on various kinds of factors including the type of work people do, the location of working place, susceptibility towards stress and the amount of physical activity (MedicineNet)
Research Paper Topics on Diseases
Read this essay to learn about Diseases. After reading this essay you will learn about: 1. Infectious Diseases 2. Minamata Disease 3. Plague 4. Insect-Borne Diseases 5. Allergic Rhinitis Hay Fever 6. Asthma 7. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 8. Typhoid 9. Amoebiosis Essay on Disease 1. Infectious Diseases : For most people in the world, the greatest environmental health threat continues to be pathogenic disease- causing organisms. Although much of our attention is focused on toxic synthetic chemicals, we also should be aware of the biological hazards to which we are exposed. In the less developed countries, where nearly 80 per cent of the world population live, infectious agents, parasites and nutritional deficiencies still are the main cause of morbidity illness and mortality death.
Gastrointestinal infections diarrhea, dysentery and cholera probably cause more deaths worldwide than any other group of diseases. Again, malnutrition and diarrhea create a vicious cycle. Poor nutrition makes people more susceptible to infection and infections, in turn, make it more difficult to obtain, absorb and retain food. Improved sanitation and better nutrition could prevent most, if not all, essay on diseases. Similar other infectious essay on diseases like malaria, parasitic worm infections, tuberculosis and allied respiratory hazards, tetanous, etc.
It was in the early s that fishermen and their families essay on diseases the city of Minamata, Japan, first began to show the symptoms of what was to become known as the Minamata Disease. The first signs were loss of sensation at the extremities of the hands and feet and in areas around the mouth. These essay on diseases were followed by difficulty in walking, slurred speech, reduced vision and hearing loss. Unfortunately, many persons fell prey to eventual paralysis, followed by coma and death. Public Health Department officials were at first unable to ascertain the cause of such new disease. Similar symptoms were also reported from sea birds and cats in Minamata.
This poisoning of the food chain was local and quite direct. The Chisso Corporation, a plastic manufacturer, was releasing mercury laden wastes into Minamata Bay, essay on diseases. The mercury—in its toxic methyl form—was then concentrated in the predatory fish through food chain of the bay essay on diseases. The fisher folk were first to suffer the effect of the disease, for they subsisted largely on fish. Byover 10, people were suffering from this disease. Plague is often regarded as a scourge of medieval times, from which the world is now largely essay on diseases. But the latest evidence suggests that incidence of the disease is on the increase, essay on diseases.
Duringat least 1, cases of human plague including at least 50 deaths were notified to WHO. The disease occurs particularly in rodents. It spreads from rat to rat and from rats to humans mainly by rat fleas biting first a sick rat and then a person, thus transmitting Yersinia perstis, the bacterium of the disease. Plague most commonly has two forms: bubonic and pneumonic. The more frequent form is bubonic, in which there is sudden onset of severe malaise, headache, shaking chills, fever and pain in the affected regional lymph nodes. Large and painful lumps appear under the skin, called buboes. The more dangerous form of the disease is pneumonic or pulmonary plague, which affects the lungs and can be transmitted from person to person by droplets in the air from sputum discharged by the infected individuals.
Some countries in Africa, the America and Asia report cases almost every year. Madagascar, United Republic of Tanzania and Zaire in Africa; Bolivia, Brazil, Peru and the United States in the Americas, and China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Myanmar and Vietnam in Asia. However, cases occur in areas that had apparently been free from the disease for many decades. Peru experienced a large outbreak of plague infollowed by another in and again These outbreaks are linked to cyclical epidemics of plague in rodents. Over the last 30 years, the mean annual global plague case fatality rate has been 9 per cent, ranging from just over 14 per cent in Africa to just under 6 per cent in the Americas. These high rates persist despite the availability of highly effective drugs against the disease.
Other factors are involved in the apparent increase in plague. In the United States, for example, rapid suburbanization has resulted in increasing numbers of people living in or near areas where plague exists in nature. The number essay on diseases states of that country reporting plague cases increased from three during to 13 during Surveillance of plague in rodents indicates that the disease has spread eastwards in the United States to essay on diseases believed to have been free of plague during the previous 50 years up to The essay on diseases main diseases spread by mosquitoes—malaria, dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and filariasis—do not essay on diseases themselves to a single, essay on diseases, comprehensive approach.
Each has to be tackled in its own right. At the same time, however, some methods of prevention or control are common to all of them. Vaccines against yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis already exist and others are being developed against malaria and dengue, although it will be several years at least before they become available. There is an effective drug against filariasis. The two key measures to prevent the spread of these five diseases are the elimination of mosquito breeding places and the prevention of mosquito bites. The first involves community action, such as covering water storage containers and removing discarded containers from inside and around houses, house-to-house inspection; and control programmes using insecticide sprays.
The second involves people protecting themselves with insecticide-impregnated materials such as curtains and nets, essay on diseases, repellents and screens. Vector and disease surveillance are extremely important, as are rapid intervention and control when an outbreak occurs. Other important measures are health education campaigns and preparations to guard against outbreaks. Following high-level political commitment for a Global Malaria Control Strategy made in at a Ministerial Conference in Amsterdam, a target was set for achieving essay on diseases reduction in malaria mortality of at least 20 per cent by the year in at least 75 per cent affected countries. Inthe United Nations General Assembly essay on diseases upon WHO, as the lead agency essay on diseases health, to promote the international mobilisation of technical, medical and financial assistance to intensify the struggle against malaria.
But malaria resurgence in tropical countries were reported in past three decades. Drugs such as mefloquine and halofantrine have been developed and registered and artemisinin derivatives developed and brought close to registration. In Africa, large-scale multi centre trials of the effectiveness of insecticide-treated bed nets have demonstrated a dramatic reduction in mortality of children under the age of 4. These research-based results are now being translated into operational recommendations for national control programmes. Characteristic symptoms of hay fever, induced following exposure of the nasal mucosa to the allergen through inhalation, include profuse watery nasal discharge with sneezing, frequently accompanied by redness, irritated and watery eyes and headache.
The inciting allergens are often found in windborne plant structures called aeroallergens. The spores from fungi and even certain algae may persist through the year, especially under warm humid conditions; but particularly in temperate regions, wind-pollinated plants elicit symptoms during certain flowering periods. Essay on diseases North America there are three peaks in the pattern of seasonal rhinitis: the first occurs in the spring when trees shed their pollen; the second, during the summer months, essay on diseases, involves pollen from many grasses as well as late flowering trees and weeds; and the last peak, in the autumn, is typified by weed and secondarily by grass pollen grains.
Ragweed pollen Ambrosia predominates during this time and is the most allergenic pollen found in North America. In tropical areas both perennial and seasonal patterns can also be observed with this disorder. Fungal spores and grass pollen are common aeroallergens, whereas those from weeds and wind-pollinated trees are of secondary importance. However, essay on diseases, the determination of aeroallergens in the more equatorial zones requires further study. Although the majority of plants that induce allergic rhinitis are wind-pollinated, a number of plants that are typically pollinated by animals insects, essay on diseases, birds, bats have also been implicated.
For example, old- fashioned roses, which are infrequently found in gardens today, are often heavily scented and their anthers are exposed by the loose and open form of the floral bud. Thus their attractiveness frequently used to lead to sensitization through inhalation of the pollen and the term rose-fever or rose-cold was used to describe plant-associated rhinitis. Attacks essay on diseases bronchial asthma are usually precipitated by inhalation of the specific allergen and this form essay on diseases allergy often has a more chronic course than that seen in allergic rhinitis even though the eliciting agents may be the same.
Extrinsic asthma occurs typically in children and young adults and is often aggravated by emotional factors. Although not a common aeroallergen, pollen from the lodge-pole pine of Colorado Pinus contorta has also been known to cause bronchial asthma. The mechanism for induction of intrinsic asthma is somewhat more obscure and is generally found in an older age group. The likely agents are allergic reactions to infectious materials, such as bacteria or viruses, or the inflammatory processes they elicit. Unlike extrinsic asthma antigens cannot be demonstrated and thus skin testing is of no value. The separation of purely extrinsic from intrinsic asthma can be diagnostically difficult whenever allergic phenomena are combined with infectious factors.
Possibly another IgE-mediated Type I disease is the coffee bean and castor bean workers disease that is characterised by rhinitis, asthma and dermatitis following inhalation of the hapten, essay on diseases, chlorogenic acid. As it is widespread in plants and is concentrated in coffee beans and castor beans, chlorogenic acid may act more as a universal allergen than was first suspected. Another type of allergic respiratory condition—known as hypersensitivity pneumonitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis—is often associated with specific professions. In these instances, animal, essay on diseases, vegetable or bacterial enzyme material may induce the disease.
By inhalation of the enzyme of Bacillus subtilis, those who work with detergents may also develop an allergic pneumonitis. Diseases produced by inhalation of airborne algae such as Gloecapsa and chlorella, are of more general incidence, essay on diseases, however Wood and paper mill workers may also develop bronchial asthma through sawdust inhalation of the Gymnosperms, redwood Sequoia sempervirenswestern red cedar Thuja plicatacedar of Lebanon cedrus libani and the Angiosperms, iroko or African oak Chlorophora essay on diseasesNicaragua rosewood Dalbergia retusaand other exotic woods.
The immunopathology suggests that a mixture of many types of immune or allergic reactions may be involved in extrinsic allergic alveolitis and thus is classified as Type III. It is also possible that symptoms similar to those of allergic respiratory illness may be elicited by inhalation of airborne leaf hairs. Such a series of cases was recently reported among gardeners who had tended saplings of Oriental sycamores or the tree of Hippocrates Platanus orientalis at a medical school campus. It is interesting that, about years ago, Dioscorides AD had noted watery eyes, sneezing, an irritating sensation in the nasal passages, soreness of the throat, an irritating dry cough and other similar symptoms.
Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhosa bacteria by ingesting contaminated food or water. Symptoms are characterised by headache, nausea and loss of appetite. About 12 million people get affected essay on diseases typhoid every year. Typhoid can be prevented by providing access to safe drinking water, sanitation and good hygiene.
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Examples of lifestyle diseases include Alzheimer’s disease, chronic liver disease, cancer, heart disease, asthma, diabetes, stroke and osteoporosis (MedicineNet). The rising of the risk of these diseases are hinged on various kinds of factors including the type of work people do, the location of working place, susceptibility towards stress and the amount of physical activity (MedicineNet) Essay On Chronic Diseases. Chronic diseases are the major cause of illness, disability, and death in the United States. Chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity result from long exposure of unhealthy lifestyles Lyme Disease - Research papers on lyme disease discuss the infectious disease caused by a bacterium that is transmitted to humans through the bite of tick. Lymphadenopathy - Lymphadenopathy research papers examine the disease of the lymph nodes. Lymphoma - Lymphoma research papers examine the four categories of lymphoma
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